ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the breakthroughs that are demonstrating the future of solar energy. Solar energy is the most plentiful and long-lasting source of energy on the planet. We already know that solar power accounts for less than 2% of global electricity generation. Solar energy may be converted directly or indirectly into different energy types that we use in our everyday lives, such as light, heat, electricity, fuels, and so on. In order to expand the use of solar energy, energy conservation, efficiency, and transdisciplinary and system methods are necessary. Heat is not a friend of solar panels. Solar panels function by transforming light directly into electricity. As a result, solar panels are most effective at temperatures below 25°C. When the solar panels become heated, the electrons absorb the additional energy from their surroundings. When they are already enthusiastic, this increases their excitement. They have less space to absorb solar radiation. Since the year 2000, various governments around the world have been working on a solution to this challenge. This chapter describes five new innovations that will help to increase the rate of solar energy production. That is, five new inventions which might contribute to future power. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Vertical transmission of acute respiratory syndrome involving coronavirus-2 in pregnant women with COVID-19 (serious acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2]) and variations in the progression of maternity complications, including abortion, fetal malformations, impaired fetal development, and/or stillbirth. According to the clinical literature, vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is rare, but even if a SARS-CoV-2-negative neonatal test is administered, there is still a risk of infection and persistent abnormalities including fetal and maternal vascular dysfunction, major SARS-CoV-2 receptors are known to be an enzyme converting to angiotensin 2 (ACE2) and are highly expressed in maternal fever cells. Endothelial cells, smooth muscle vascular primary and secondary chorionic cells. However, it is not possible to eliminate other routes of placental infection. CoV-2 is often contaminated by fusion trophoblasts, but fetuses are seldom affected. The existence of the placental barrier is suggested by these findings, even if it is not fully successful. Intensive health research, such as repeated ultrasonography and fetal heart rate tracking, is strongly advised during pregnancy. Women infected with COVID-19 can carefully evaluate placental specimens after delivery through morphological and molecular techniques, as the extent and molecular mechanisms of intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are yet to be established. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 pandemic spawned due to novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has shaken the whole world. It has created societal imbalance and distraught in the health-care system, thus worsening the worldwide socioeconomic balance. It was soon after the first case, reported in Wuhan, China, in November 2019, when on January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a public health emergency and designated it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. This pandemic is still haunting the human race delineating the urgent need for new research, new public health policies, and better public awareness to deal with such a highly transmissible disease. To date, 281.08 million cases have been reported and 5.41 million lives have been lost. Although the SARS CoV-2 has posed unprecedented challenges, humankind is working diligently to combat the virus. Emerging knowledge of structure and life cycle SARS-CoV-2 has led to the development of new diagnostic techniques, drug targets, and vaccine designs. While RT-PCR is still the gold standard detection technique, there is a high demand for new, inexpensive, quick, and easily accessible diagnostic tools because of its expensive and time-consuming characteristics. Furthermore, no specific antiviral drug has been discovered, but the research is ongoing at a tremendous pace. Recent advances in vaccine development are a milestone in COVID-19 research. Here, we highlight some recent developments in the diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination for COVID-19 and anticipate that the ongoing pandemic will help improve our pandemic surveillance and preventive strategies against emerging viral diseases. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
As of December 2019, the world's view fashionable contact past events give birth been replaced because unending COVID-19 entire. This demand the use of a great deal methodical study of part of material world to help label corona-virus human being existence medicate for healing question and control the spread of this mild sickness. This paper is related to the computer network;looking into survive developed as a finish at hand together facts imperceptible form. This news imperceptible form exist secondhand as an approval for diversified official proclamation fashioned earlier models establish mathematical model (Logistic Regression, LR) and well-run political organization ability to perceive model (Support Vector Machine, SVM, and Multi-Layer Perception, MLP). These models come to pass use to express an outcome earlier potential person being treated for medical problem of COVID-19 demonstrate their signs and sign of disease or question. The MLP bear stage a performance display highest in rank accuracy or propriety (91.62%) outstanding to the added models. Meanwhile, the SVM give birth proved topmost fashionable rank precision or correctness 91.67%. © 2021 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
In the ongoing COVID19 situation, one of the most basic yet necessary supplies for any human being is the face mask. Medical stores are facing shortage of face masks and it is also leading to crowding in confined spaces like medical stores hence aggravating the situation. The only solution to this is increasing the sources from where the citizens can get face masks and at the same time avoiding crowding and contact with any other human. The proposed Mask Vending Machine will make this happen. The physical machine that will store and vend the masks will have the Raspberry Pi as the central processing unit and the additional components like the steppers motors and monitor for display will be controlled by the Raspberry Pi. For payment and choice of quantity, an app has been designed. A QR code will be displayed on the monitor of the vending machine which has to be scanned with the app. Once scanned, it will ask the user for the number of masks needed and also facilitate the transaction process. Once successful, the masks will be vended. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has put extraordinary stress on medical systems and global society more broadly. The condition of infected patients may deteriorate rapidly due to overburdened hospital systems. This raises an urgent need for real-time and remote monitoring of physiological parameters to address the challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. This review will present recent progress on soft wearable sensors that can potentially be used for monitoring respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. First, emerging monitoring devices and systems that can monitor key physiological parameters as suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (e.g. body temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation and body movement) are reviewed. Then, multimodal sensor systems consisting of two or more correlative sensors are presented. This review will conclude with challenges and future directions for wearable sensors for the diagnosis and therapy of respiratory diseases. While this review focuses on COVID-19, the sensing technologies reviewed can be applicable to other respiratory diseases such as H1N1 influenza. © 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic exploits existing inequalities in the social determinants of health (SDOH) that influence disease burden and access to healthcare. The role of health behaviors and socio-economic status in genitourinary (GU) malignancy, has also been highlighted. Our aim was to evaluate predictors of patient level and neighborhood level factors contributing to disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in GU cancer patients. METHODS: Demographic information and co-morbidities for patients screened for COVID-19 across the Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS) up to June 10th, 2020 were included. Descriptive analyses and ensemble feature selection were performed to describe the relationships between these predictors and the outcomes of positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test, COVID-19 related hospitalization, intubation and death. RESULTS: Out of 47,379 tested individuals, 1,094 had a history of GU cancer diagnosis, of these 192 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Ensemble feature selection identified social determinants including zipcode, race/ethnicity, age, smoking status and English as preferred first language - as being the majority of significant predictors for each of this study's four COVID-19 related outcomes: a positive test, hospitalization, intubation and death. CONCLUSIONS: Patient and neighborhood level SDOH including zip code/NYC borough, age, race/ethnicity, smoking status, and English as preferred language are amongst the most significant predictors of these clinically relevant outcomes for COVID-19 patients with a GU cancer. Our results highlight the importance of these SDOH and the need to integrate SDOH in patient EMR with the goal to identify at risk groups. This study's results have implications for COVID-19 research priorities, public health goals, and policy implementations.
ABSTRACT
The Novel Coronavirus or CoViD-19 has been spreading rapidly around the globe since 2019 and is causing a massive impact on humans;lakhs of people have died because of this virus. It is declared an epidemic by WHO due to its impact and lack of antiviral drugs. This disease is contagious and is easily transmissible by some basic mistakes, like coming in contact with the coughing sneezing droplets of an infected person, and symptoms are like normal flu. During these days and even after this lockdown ends it is advised to wear a mask or cover their face but in crowded places like hospitals and supermarkets and it is not easy to track whether a person is wearing a mask or not and manual checking is not practical as it increases labor. In this paper, propose a mask detector with the help of a deep learning facial classification system to detect whether a person is wearing a mask or not so it can be attached to a CCTV to ensure the entry of only people with a mask. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Immunisation services are affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to lockdown and fear of COVID among public along with problems of workforce management and vaccine supply. All these factors have led to decrease in vaccination coverage. It may further lead to increase in risk of vaccine preventable diseases. Aim: To assess the overall trend and evaluate the vaccination coverage during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in Gwalior district. Materials and Methods: Record based secondary data from the immunisation OPD of the tertiary care hospital Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India, for the period of 01 February 2020 to 31 August 2020 was utilised in current study. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel version-2007 and analysed. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated as a descriptive measures and graphical presentation to show time trends. The p-value was calculated at 5% level of significance. Results: In the study, 817 children were included, with mean age of 7.46 ±13.59 months. Total 61.1% (499) children were male and 38.9% (318) were female. During the study period, all the children were vaccinated for Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (10.6%) Pentavalent-1 series (36.4%), Pentavalent-2 series (17.4%), Pentavalent-3 series (12.2%), Measles-Rubella (MR-1) (6.5%), Booster-I (11.8%) and Booster-II (5.1%). Delayed vaccination was seen in 51(6.20%) children. The delay was observed for Pentavalent-2 series (43.1%), pentavalent-3 series (51.0%) and MR-1 (5.9%) and the difference is significant at p-value <0.05. Conclusion: Immunisation services were severely interrupted and completely suspended in April 2020. Certain amount of delay in various doses was also observed. Maintaining routine immunisation is essential in preventing an outbreak of vaccine preventable diseases.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is declared as pandemic on 11 March 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO). There are apparent dissimilarities in incidence and mortality of COVID-19 cases in different parts of world. Developing countries in Asia and Africa with fragile health system are showing lower incidence and mortality compared to developed countries with superior health system in Europe and America. Most countries in Asia and Africa have national Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination programme, while Europe and America do not have such programme or have ceased it. At present, there is no known Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment available for COVID-19 disease. There is no vaccine available currently to prevent COVID-19 disease. As mathematical modelling is ideal for predicting the rate of disease transmission as well as evaluating efficacy of possible public health prevention measures, we have created a mathematical model with seven compartments to understand nationwide BCG vaccine recommendation on COVID-19 transmission, severity and mortality. We have computed two basic reproduction numbers, one at vaccine-free equilibrium point and other at non-vaccine-free equilibrium point, and carried out local stability, sensitivity and numerical analysis. Our result showed that individuals with BCG vaccinations have lower risk of getting COVID-19 infection, shorter hospital stays and increased rate of recovery. Furthermore, countries with long-standing universal BCG vaccination policies have reduced incidence, mortality and severity of COVID-19. Further research will focus on exploring the immediate benefits of vaccination to healthcare workers and patients as well as benefits of BCG re-vaccination. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
Background and aims: The world is currently facing multifaceted problems due to the emergence of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. Blockchain technology (BT) plays a vital role in creating a platform for adequately managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The latest information on the blockchain and its application in solving challenging problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic are collected and discussed from the available literature searched through PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar. Results: In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based platform to combat this pandemic. Furthermore, we have identified and discussed nine significant applications of blockchain in solving the problem arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The severity of COVID-19 was so tremendous that the World Health Organization (WHO) had to declare it as a pandemic within a month of its full-scale expansion. The greatest challenge most governments are suffering from is the lack of a precise mechanism to detect the newly infected cases and predict coronavirus infection risk. So, we need a technology-empowered solution to fight during this COVID-19 crisis. The various features of blockchain technology, such as decentralization, transparency, and immutability, can help control this pandemic by early detection of outbreaks, fast-tracking drug delivery, and protecting user privacy during treatment. © 2020, Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomedica.
ABSTRACT
In a very short period of time, “COVID-19” has seized the consciousness globally by making remarkable changes in our day to day living and has superin-tended as a public health emergency globally. It has high radar of transmis-sion, affecting an individual at work to frontline workers. The measures and planning for a response plays a key role from drawing up an emergency com-mittee and this follows an equation which broadly deals with epidemiological to clinical history of the patient, management steps from isolation, screening, diagnostic assays for identification and treatment. The application of an orga-nized plan with secure structure aids in better performance, increases efficacy of management and saves time. Also saves time for a health care worker to g through routine levels of channels of administration if already a familiar way of operation is known for such situations. Thus, planning and developing a ‘blueprint of approach’ towards management of patient while facing such situ-ation is a must. This review provides an insight to the measures for detection, response and preparedness of the hospital and health care workers should largely be inclusive of;also highlights the measures to be taken at every step after coming in contact with a positive case of “COVID-19”.